OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control mechanisms enforce policies that prevent users from acting beyond their intended permissions. Failures in this area often result in unauthorized disclosure, modification, or destruction of data, or the execution of business functions outside the user's authorized limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - This occurs when systems, applications, or cloud services are improperly configured from a security perspective, inadvertently creating exploitable vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These failures involve breakdowns or compromises in the processes of building, distributing, or updating software. They frequently stem from vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or other dependencies that the system relies upon.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Previous challenges, such as CPU performance constraints and complex private key/certificate management, have been mitigated by CPUs featuring instructions designed to accelerate encryption (e.g., AES support) and by services like LetsEncrypt.org simplifying management, with major cloud vendors offering highly integrated certificate management for their platforms. Beyond securing the transport layer, it is crucial to determine which data requires encryption at rest and which requires additional encryption in transit at the application layer (OSI layer 7). For instance, passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets demand enhanced protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or standards such as the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a flaw that permits an attacker to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into a program’s input fields, thereby deceiving the system into executing these inputs as if they were legitimate commands. This can lead to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design is a broad category encompassing various weaknesses, characterized as “missing or ineffective control design.” It is not the root cause of all other Top Ten risk categories. It is important to distinguish between insecure design and insecure implementation. We differentiate between design flaws and implementation defects because they arise from different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require distinct remediation strategies. A secure design may still suffer from implementation defects that lead to exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be corrected by perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never originally created to defend against specific attacks. A key factor contributing to insecure design is the absence of business risk profiling for the software or system, leading to an inability to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker successfully tricks a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures relate to code and infrastructure that fails to protect against invalid or untrusted code or data being treated as trusted and valid. For example, an application may rely on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline that lacks software integrity checks can introduce risks of unauthorized access, insecure or malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD process that retrieves code or artifacts from untrusted locations and/or fails to verify them before use (such as by checking signatures or similar mechanisms).

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without robust logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches remain undetected. Furthermore, without effective alerting, it is extremely difficult to respond quickly and effectively during a security incident. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting to trigger active responses are critical gaps.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - Mishandling exceptional conditions occurs when programs fail to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual or unpredictable situations, resulting in crashes, unexpected behavior, and potential vulnerabilities. This typically involves one or more of the following failings: the application does not prevent the unusual situation from occurring, it fails to identify the situation as it unfolds, and/or it responds inadequately or not at all to the situation afterward.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures, such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- The importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- A detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping

Insecure Design
- Exploring design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation
- Studying strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, including multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- The importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early